Cost-Effectiveness and Energy Efficiency Assessment of a Commercial Building Retrofit in Mbeya, Tanzania.

Danford Kafumu; Isaka Mwakitalima

Authors

Danford W.illiam Kafumu Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Mbeya University of Science and Technology https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4927-9187
Dr. Isaka J. Mwakitalima Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Mbeya University of Science and Technology https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1986-5892

Keywords:

Energy efficiency, Cost effectiveness, Mbeya city(Tanzania)

Abstract

Rapid urban expansion in Mbeya City has increased demand for commercial buildings that balance economic viability with sustainability. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency of retrofitting a mid-rise commercial building with measures such as LED lighting, inverter-based HVAC systems, and rooftop solar PV. Using building performance records, utility bills, and stakeholder interviews, the analysis applied cost-benefit and life-cycle methods to assess financial and operational impacts. Results show a 22% reduction in electricity consumption and energy use intensity, with retrofit investments representing 8-15% of
capital costs and achieving payback within five years. The rooftop solar system contributed 7% of total demand, while lighting upgrades delivered the largest savings. These findings confirm that targeted retrofits are both technically feasible and financially attractive in Tanzania’s commercial sector. Broader adoption, however, requires stronger regulatory enforcement and accessible green financing to scale energy-efficient practices across urban developments.

Author Biography

Dr. Isaka J. Mwakitalima, Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Mbeya University of Science and Technology

is a Tanzanian academic and researcher specializing in electrical and renewable energy systems. He currently serves as a Lecturer and the Head of the Department of Electrical and Power Engineering at Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST). He holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Delhi Technological University, India. He also earned an MSc in Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering from the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), a BEng in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from St. Joseph College of Engineering. His research interests include renewable energy integration, sustainable building design, and energy efficiency policy. His contributions to this review paper included conceptualization and methodological guidance, supervision of the review process, policy analysis, and critical review and refinement of the manuscript.