Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Manipulasi Task Constraints dalam Small-Sided Games terhadap Kemampuan Implementasi Prinsip Permainan Sepakbola

Daniel Silitonga; Nimrot Manalu; Amir Supriadi

doi:10.37058/sport.v10i1.275

Authors

Daniel Silitonga Universitas Negeri Medan
Nimrot Manalu Universitas Negeri Medan
Amir Supriadi Universitas Negeri Medan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37058/sport.v10i1.275

Keywords:

small-sided games, task constraints, prinsip permainan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas model pembelajaran Small-Sided Games dengan manipulasi task constraints terhadap kemampuan implementasi prinsip permainan sepakbola pada siswa kelas XII. Penelitian menggunakan desain quasi-experimental dengan kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol masing-masing berjumlah 20 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui instrumen observasi berbasis tiga prinsip permainan, yaitu menyerang, bertahan, dan transisi, dengan skala penilaian 1–5. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji paired samples t-test dan independent samples t-test pada gain score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok eksperimen mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p < 0,001). Rata-rata gain kelompok eksperimen sebesar 5,40, sedangkan kelompok kontrol sebesar 1,15. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa manipulasi task constraints dalam Small-Sided Games efektif meningkatkan kemampuan implementasi prinsip permainan sepakbola siswa. small-sided games, task constraints, prinsip permainan, pembelajaran sepakbola

References

Andriy, B. (2025). Use of Small-Sided Game Formats to Develop Cognitive Decision-Making Speed in Footballers. American Journal of Sports Science, 13(4), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20251304.14

Boke, H., Aygun, Y., Tufekci, S., Yagin, F. H., Canpolat, B., Norman, G., Prieto-González, P., & Ardigò, L. P. (2025). Effects of cooperative learning on students’ learning outcomes in physical education: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(May), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1508808

Carlos-Vivas, J., & Mendoza-Muñoz, M. (2025). Physical Literacy. In Physical Education in Early Childhood: Movement and Development from 3 to 6 Years. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003615675-7

Clemente, F. M., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Sarmento, H., Praça, G. M., Afonso, J., Silva, A. F., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2021). Effects of Small-Sided Game Interventions on the Technical Execution and Tactical Behaviors of Young and Youth Team Sports Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667041

Corry, F., Agas, Christina, H. Y., & Sasminta. (2021). PENERAPAN SMALL SIDE GAMES TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PASSING DALAM PERMAINAN SEPAKBOLA Agas Corry Fernando *, Sasminta Christina Yuli Hartati. 9, 295–305.

Coutinho, D., Kelly, A. L., Santos, S., Figueiredo, P., Pizarro, D., & Travassos, B. (2023). Exploring the Effects of Tasks with Different Decision-Making Levels on Ball Control, Passing Performance, and External Load in Youth Football. Children, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020220

De Joode, T. (2023). The manipulation of task constraints and the effect on creative performance of youth soccer players. Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS), 8(2), 043. https://doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss043

Farias, C. F. G., Harvey, S., Hastie, P. A., & Mesquita, I. M. R. (2019). Effects of situational constraints on students’ game-play development over three consecutive Sport Education seasons of invasion games. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(3), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1571184

Hernowo, H., Asmoro, T. A. P., Kiswanto, K., & Da’i, M. (2025). Pengembangan instrumen penilaian permainan invasi fase D pada Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Olahraga Pendidikan Indonesia (JOPI), 5(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.54284/jopi.v5i1.497

Irwandi, A., A, R., & Burhan. (2024). PENINGKATAN MINAT BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN JASMANI MELALUI MODIFIKASI CABANG OLAHRAGA SEPAK BOLA DI SEKOLAH DASAR. 7, 614–620.

Italiano, G., Inclusiva, D., Journal, I., Education, H., Didactics, I., & By-nc-nd, C. C. (2022). THE MANIPULATION OF CONSTRAINTS TO TRAIN THE COMPLEXITY OF SOCCER : THE SMALL SIDED CONDITIONED GAMES LA MANIPOLAZIONE DEI VINCOLI PER ALLENARE LA COMPLESSITÀ DEL CALCIO : GLI SMALL SIDED CONDITIONED GAMES Benedetta Romano University of Salerno Daniele Al.

Juniar, D. T., Krisnadiandr, K., Juliantine, T., Kusuma Negara, J. D., & Sumpena, A. (2021). Analysis of Literature Study of Tactical Learning Approaches to Learning Outcomes of Passing and Dribbling in Soccer Skills. Journal of Physical Education For Secondary Schools, 1(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpess.v1i1.82385

Kusuma, S., & Ridwan, M. (2018). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Dribbling Sepakbola Melalui Small Side Games. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 3(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v3i1.10618

Machado, G., González-Víllora, S., Roca, A., & Teoldo, I. (2024). Developing cognitive and motor decision-making skills through tactical principles and small-sided games in youth soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 24(5), 444–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2024.2321039

Machado, J. C., Góes, A., Aquino, R., Bedo, B. L. S., Viana, R., Rossato, M., Scaglia, A., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2022). Applying Different Strategies of Task Constraint Manipulation in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games: How Do They Impact Physical and Tactical Demands? Sensors, 22(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124435

Maksum. (2018). Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga dan Kesehatan Volume 11 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 11, 03. http://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-pendidikan-jasmani/issue/archive

Ometto, L., Vasconcellos, F. V. A., Cunha, F. A., Teoldo, I., Souza, C. R. B., Dutra, M. B., O’Sullivan, M., & Davids, K. (2018). How manipulating task constraints in small-sided and conditioned games shapes emergence of individual and collective tactical behaviours in football: A systematic review. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 13(6), 1200–1214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118769183

Práxedes, A., Del Villar, F., Pizarro, D., & Moreno, A. (2018). The Impact of Nonlinear Pedagogy on Decision-Making and Execution in Youth Soccer Players According to Game Actions. Journal of Human Kinetics, 62(1), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0169

Rinaldi, R. W., & Darmawan, G. (2019). Pengaruh Small Sided Games Terhadap Motivasi Pada Pembelajaran Sepakbola. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 7(1), 145–150. https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/9/article/view/26837%0Ahttps://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/9/article/viewFile/26837/24561

Robles, M. T. A., Collado‐Mateo, D., Fernández‐Espínola, C., Viera, E. C., & Fuentes‐Guerra, F. J. G. (2020). Effects of teaching games on decision making and skill execution: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020505

Serra-Olivares, J., González-Víllora, S., García-López, L. M., & Araújo, D. (2015). Game-Based Approaches’ Pedagogical Principles: Exploring Task Constraints in Youth Soccer. Journal of Human Kinetics, 46(1), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0053