Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kebugaran Mahasiswa Dalam Mata Kuliah Olahraga Di Institut Teknologi Bandung

M Agil Anwar Ibrahim; Didi Sunadi; Agung Dwi Juniarsyah

doi:10.37058/sport.v10i2.625

Authors

M Agil Anwar Ibrahim Institut Teknologi Bandung
Didi Sunadi Institut Teknologi Bandung
Agung Dwi Juniarsyah Institut Teknologi Bandung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-5365

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37058/sport.v10i2.625

Keywords:

Kebugaran Jasmani, lingkungan belajar, status sosial ekonomi, motivasi berolahraga, Aktivitas Fisik

Abstract

Kebugaran jasmani mahasiswa dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti lingkungan belajar, status sosial ekonomi, motivasi berolahraga, dan aktivitas fisik. Mata kuliah olahraga di (ITB) dirancang untuk meningkatkan Kebugaran mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran teori dan praktik olahraga. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan desain korelasional dengan melibatkan mahasiswa yang mengikuti mata kuliah olahraga di ITB. Kebugaran diukur menggunakan Cooper Test dan Rockport Test, sedangkan lingkungan belajar, status sosial ekonomi, motivasi berolahraga, dan aktivitas fisik diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi parsial dan korelasi berganda Mayoritas mahasiswa memiliki tingkat Kebugaran kategori cukup hingga baik. Uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan belajar (r = 0,077; p = 0,178), status sosial ekonomi (r = 0,028; p = 0,618), dan aktivitas fisik (r = 0,065; p = 0,256) tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan Kebugaran. Sebaliknya, motivasi berolahraga memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan Kebugaran (r = 0,226; p < 0,001). Secara simultan, seluruh variabel bebas tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan Kebugaran (R² = 0,004; p = 0,858). Motivasi berolahraga merupakan satu-satunya variabel yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan Kebugaran mahasiswa. Sementara itu, lingkungan belajar, status sosial ekonomi, dan aktivitas fisik tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan baik secara parsial maupun simultan.

References

Alecu, S., Onea, G. A., and Badau, D. (2025): The Relationship Between Motivation for Physical Activity, Physical Activity Level, and Body Mass Index for University Students, Sports, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040096

Aqab, A. A., Al-Hussami, M., Almegewly, W., and Karavasileiadou, S. (2023): The effects of physical activity on health-related quality of life among working mothers living in amman: A correlational study, Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 16, 1989–2000. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S414826

Bidang, D., Olahraga, P., Pemuda, K., and Olahraga, D. (2022): Laporan Nasional Sport Development Index 2022 Olahraga, Daya Saing, dan Kebijakan Berbasis Data Deputi Bidang Pembudayaan Olahraga Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

Brown, C. E. B., Richardson, K., Halil-Pizzirani, B., Atkins, L., Yücel, M., and Segrave, R. A. (2024): Key influences on university students’ physical activity: a systematic review using the Theoretical Domains Framework and the COM-B model of human behaviour, BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17621-4

Calestine, J., Bopp, M., Bopp, C. M., and Papalia, Z. (2017): College Student Work Habits are Related to Physical Activity and Fitness, International Journal of Exercise Science, retrieved from internet: http://www.intjexersci.com, 10, 1009–1017.

Che, L. (2024): International Journal of Social Science and Human Research Socioeconomic Status and Physical Fitness Levels among University Students, International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, (10). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i10-99

Deliens, T., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., and Clarys, P. (2015): Determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in university students: A qualitative study using focus group discussions, BMC Public Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1553-4

Dr. Sehrish Khan, Mahvish Mumtaz, Mehmooda Awan, Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Mamoona Asghar, and Muhammad Shokat Zaman (2023): Social Environment At University: Investigating The Impact On Students’ Motivation And Engagement, Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7.

Elmahgoub, S., Mohamed, H., El Taguri, A., Beregi, T., Aburub, A., and Ács, P. (2025): Motives and Barriers to Physical Activity Participation Among University Students, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22111646

Federico, B., Falese, L., and Capelli, G. (2009): Socio-economic inequalities in physical activity practice among Italian children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study, Journal of Public Health, 17(6), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-009-0267-4

Fonseca, A. P. L. M., de Azevedo, C. V. M., and Santos, R. M. R. (November 30, 2021): Sleep and health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review, Sleep Science, Brazilian Association of Sleep and Latin American Federation of Sleep Societies. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20200125

Forte, P., Branquinho, L., and Ferraz, R. (June 1, 2022): The Relationships between Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sport on the Immune System, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116777

Franklin, B. A., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Pandey, A., Quindry, J., and Toth, P. P. (December 1, 2022): Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations, American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100425

Hagger, M. S., Hardcastle, S. J., Chater, A., Mallett, C., Pal, S., and Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2014): Autonomous and controlled motivational regulations for multiple health-related behaviors: between- and within-participants analyses, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 565–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2014.912945

Han, X., Li, H., and Niu, L. (2025): How does physical education influence university students’ psychological health? An analysis from the dual perspectives of social support and exercise behavior, Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1457165

Harianja, R., and Tampubolon, T. (2025): The Influence of the Learning Environment on Students’ Motivation to Learn Mathematics, Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(5), 1110–1115. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i5.11245

Hermanto, and Agung Robianto (2020): Perbandingan Tes Balke Dan Tes Jalan Rockport Dalam Pengukuran VO2Max, jakarta.

HHS (2018): Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2 nd edition, Washington, DC: U.S.

Jourkesh, M., Sadri, I., Ojagi, A., and Sharanavard, A. (2011): Determination of fitness level in male and female college aged students, retrieved from internet: www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com.

Kljajević, V., Stanković, M., Ðorđević, D., Trkulja-Petković, D., Jovanović, R., Plazibat, K., Oršolić, M., Čurić, M., and Sporiš, G. (January 1, 2022): Physical activity and physical fitness among university students—A systematic review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010158

Lee, P. H., Macfarlane, D. J., Lam, T. H., and Stewart, S. M. (October 21, 2011): Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-115

Li, D., and Li, X. (2022): Independent and Combined Associations between Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Sleep Quality among Chinese College Students, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116697

Liu, W., Yuan, Q., Zeng, N., McDonough, D. J., Tao, K., Peng, Q., and Gao, Z. (2021): Relationships between college students’ sedentary behavior, sleep quality, and body mass index, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083946

Lo, K. Y., Wu, M. C., Tung, S. C., Hsieh, C. C., Yao, H. H., and Ho, C. C. (2017): Association of school environment and after-school physical activity with health-related physical fitness among junior high school students in Taiwan, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010083

Lorenzo, J., Iñosa, I., and Evardo, O. J. (2024): Assessing the Influence of Perceived Learning Environment on Motivation Among Physical Education Major Students. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal Assessing the Influence of Perceived Learning Environment on Motivation Among Physical Education Major Students, Psych Educ, 19(7). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11163362

Lou, L., Hu, Y., and Yang, J. (2024): Effects of family socioeconomic status on college students’ physical activity: chain-mediated effects of parental exercise habits and family sports climate, Critical Public Health, 34(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2024.2438655

Lu, G., Hu, W., Peng, Z., and Kang, H. (2013): The Influence of Undergraduate Students’ Academic Involvement and Learning Environment on Learning Outcomes, International Journal of Chinese Education, Brill Academic Publishers, 2, 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340024

Ma, C., Chen, B. C., and Chen, M. Y. (2025): Influencing Factors of Disordered Eating Behavior Among Chinese University Students: The Moderating Role of Physical Activity in the Body Status Chain Mediation Model, Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 18, 1163–1179. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S503106

Martínez-Andrés, M., Bartolomé-Gutiérrez, R., Rodríguez-Martín, B., Pardo-Guijarro, M. J., Garrido-Miguel, M., and Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2020): Barriers and facilitators to leisure physical activity in children: A qualitative approach using the socio-ecological model, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093033

Menhas, R., and Gao, L. (2026): Unfolding the Effects of Social Prescription, Health Consciousness Behavior, Physical Activity, and Mental Well-Being for Healthy Aging: An Empirical Analysis, Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 19. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S594434

Mohammadi, N., Doosti-Irani, A., and Cheraghi, Z. (2024): Socioeconomic inequality in physical activity among adults in western Iran: a cross-sectional study, International Journal for Equity in Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02362-6

Mu, X., Liu, S., Fu, M., Luo, M., Ding, D., Chen, L., and Yu, K. (2022): Associations of physical activity intensity with incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality among 366,566 UK adults, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01393-y

Nazir, R., Robeson, R., Mackenzie, M., Shaw, A., Siu, L., and Summers, E. (2023): Mapping the Impacts of Socio-economic Background on Sport Participation “A University of St Andrews Case Study.”

Ombrellaro, K. J., Perumal, N., Zeiher, J., Hoebel, J., Ittermann, T., Ewert, R., Dörr, M., Keil, T., Mensink, G. B. M., and Finger, J. D. (December 1, 2018): Socioeconomic Correlates and Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Adult Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Sports Medicine - Open, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0137-0

Patrick, Y., Lee, A., Raha, O., Pillai, K., Gupta, S., Sethi, S., Mukeshimana, F., Gerard, L., Moghal, M. U., Saleh, S. N., Smith, S. F., Morrell, M. J., and Moss, J. (2017): Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical performance in university students, Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 15(3), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-017-0099-5

Ratnasari, A., and Dwisusanto, Y. B. (2024): Interaksi Manusia dan Lingkungan dalam Kajian Filosofis, 7(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.33510/marka

Richard, V., Piumatti, G., Pullen, N., Lorthe, E., Guessous, I., Cantoreggi, N., and Stringhini, S. (2023a): Socioeconomic inequalities in sport participation: pattern per sport and time trends – a repeated cross-sectional study, BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15650-7

Richard, V., Piumatti, G., Pullen, N., Lorthe, E., Guessous, I., Cantoreggi, N., and Stringhini, S. (2023b): Socioeconomic inequalities in sport participation: pattern per sport and time trends – a repeated cross-sectional study, BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15650-7

Sáez, I., Solabarrieta, J., and Rubio, I. (2021): Motivation for physical activity in university students and its relation with gender, amount of activities, and sport satisfaction, Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063183

Sibarani, E. V., Arda, I., Siregar, S., Siahaan, L., Gultom, A. B., and Pasaribu, V. (2024): Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Belajar terhadap Prestasi Akademik Siswa di SMPN 3 Tarutung, 30, 117–121.

Sjöros, T., Vähä-Ypyä, H., Laine, S., Garthwaite, T., Lahesmaa, M., Laurila, S. M., Latva-Rasku, A., Savolainen, A., Miikkulainen, A., Löyttyniemi, E., Sievänen, H., Kalliokoski, K. K., Knuuti, J., Vasankari, T., and Heinonen, I. H. A. (2020): Both sedentary time and physical activity are associated with cardiometabolic health in overweight adults in a 1 month accelerometer measurement, Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77637-3

Sun, J., Lin, C., Wang, L., Bi, C., and Qiao, B. (2024): A comparative study on the physical fitness of college students from different grades and majors in Jiangxi province, PLoS ONE, 19(10 October). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308483

Tao, K., Liu, W., Xiong, S., Ken, L., Zeng, N., Peng, Q., Yan, X., Wang, J., Wu, Y., Lei, M., Li, X., and Gao, Z. (August 2, 2019): Associations between self-determined motivation, accelerometer-determined physical activity, and quality of life in chinese college students, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162941

Thasza Amelia Putri, Oom Rohmah, Carsiwan, and Burhan Hambali (2024): Hubungan Antara Kondisi Ekonomi dan Partisipasi dalam Kegiatan Olahraga Remaja, JURNAL DUNIA PENDIDIKAN, 4.

van Leeuwen, A., Hornstra, L., and Flunger, B. (2023): Need supportive collaborative learning: are teachers necessary or do students support each other’s basic psychological needs?, Educational Studies, 49(1), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1835613

WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour (2020): .

Yang, C., Chen, R., Chen, X., and Lu, K. H. (2021): The Efficiency of Cooperative Learning in Physical Education on the Learning of Action Skills and Learning Motivation, Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717528

Zhang Yang, W. (2024): Teamwork triumphs: Fostering student development through cooperative learning in university physical education, International Journal of Current Educational Practice (IJCEP), 12(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10954880

Zhao, C., Zhou, J., and Man, M. (2025): Impact of physical exercise participation on socioeconomic status: an empirical study using CGSS data, Frontiers in Public Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1645125

Zhong, T. (2024): Physical activity motivations and psychological well-being among university students: a canonical correlation analysis, Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1442632