PAMOR may retract published articles if clear evidence is found that the article contains major errors, unethical research practices, falsified data, plagiarism, duplicate publication, or serious authorship disputes. Retraction notices will be published on the journal website and linked to the original article. The original article remains accessible but clearly marked as “Retracted”. Retracted articles may also be watermarked on the PDF version.
Corrections may be issued when minor errors that do not invalidate the research findings are identified. These may include typographical errors, incorrect author affiliations, missing references, or formatting inaccuracies. A correction notice will be published or the article may be updated directly if the changes do not affect the interpretation of results.
If an article is under investigation for potential ethical or validity issues, PAMOR may publish an Expression of Concern. This notice does not imply guilt but informs readers that there are unresolved issues regarding the article. Once the investigation concludes, the notice will be replaced with a correction, retraction, or no action notice.
Authors may request withdrawal of a submitted manuscript before publication. However, withdrawal after peer review must include a clear reason. Withdrawal after acceptance is strongly discouraged, and unethical withdrawal (e.g., to submit elsewhere) may result in sanctions.
Post-publication withdrawal occurs only in exceptional cases where publication is legally problematic (e.g., defamation, court order, national security concerns). In such cases, the article may be removed completely, and a notice of withdrawal will replace the content.
