Linking Green Employee Behavior to Sustainability Performance: The Mediating Role of Green Organizational Culture in Manufacturing Firms in Jababeka Industrial Estate

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between green employee behavior (GEB) and sustainability performance (SP), with green organizational culture (GOC) serving as a mediating variable in manufacturing firms located in the Jababeka Industrial Estate, Indonesia. Specifically, the study investigates the direct relationships between GEB and GOC, GOC and SP, as well as the mediating role of GOC in linking employee green behavior to sustainability performance. A quantitative explanatory design was employed using data collected from 250 employees across seven manufacturing companies through validated Likert-scale questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 and bootstrapping procedures (5,000 subsamples). The findings indicate that green employee behavior is positively associated with green organizational culture, which in turn is positively related to sustainability performance. The mediation analysis further suggests that green organizational culture plays a significant mediating role in explaining the relationship between green employee behavior and sustainability performance. These findings contribute to the Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) literature by highlighting the importance of organizational culture as a mechanism through which employee environmental behavior supports organizational sustainability outcomes in manufacturing firms within an emerging economy. The study also provides practical implications for managers seeking to strengthen sustainability initiatives by fostering environmentally responsible employee behavior alongside a supportive organizational culture.